Tabachnick 21 defines a graphic novel as ‘an extended comic book, written by adults for adults’. One form of increasingly pervasive media that may require further examination is that of the portrayal of smoking in graphic novels/comic books 20. It should be noted that most of this analysis, with few exceptions 19, has been conducted in the US. The use of print media to advertise tobacco products has also been examined in-depth, with a specific focus on magazines 15- 18.
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A significant body of evidence has determined the impact of such portrayals in movies and TV on youth initiation to tobacco use 11- 14. The involvement of Big Tobacco in such activities is not surprising.
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In addition, Chapman and Davis 9 note payments by Philip Morris of $42500 to ensure the placement of Marlboro in the movie Superman II, and a similar payment by Liggett of $30000 to place Eve cigarettes in Supergirl. For example, a close relationship between the tobacco industry and the film industry dating back as far as 1927 has been identified 10. An extensive body of research has identified alarming links between Big Tobacco and the media 9, 10. Given that this critical period is one of identity formation and assertion of adulthood, it is useful to look at media representations of smoking.
Particular attention needs to focus on examining pro-smoking influences on teenagers and young adults, as most smokers start smoking before the age of 21 years with many starting in their teens 7, 8. In line with FCTC guidelines, sponsorship and advertising of tobacco products is illegal in Ireland, alongside a host of other measures including significant taxation and the mandatory introduction of both combined text and graphic anti-tobacco warnings and plain packaging 6.
Given the successful adoption of many elements of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in Ireland, it is important to explore where prosmoking messages may originate. Irish smoking rates are highest among those aged 25–34 years, where the rate is 26% 2. Recent evidence suggests an overall adult smoking rate of 17% in Ireland, with a male rate of 19% and a female rate of 16%. Despite recent declines in smoking rates in Ireland 2, the 2025 target of a smoking rate of less than 5%, which would make Ireland in its government’s eyes ‘smoke-free’ 3, appears decades 4, or more 5, away. Smoking continues to extract an unacceptably high toll in Ireland in terms of both mortality and morbidity, as well as through its financial burden 1. Of portrayals of smoking to adolescent and young adult readers of this form of Conclusions: Graphic novels must be considered as a potentially significant source Was observed, the ratio being approximately 17:1. A dramatic difference in the number of male to female smokers Variation was noted in the number of smoking images between novels, varyingįrom 0 to 267. Results: Analysis identified a total of 526 panels depicting smoking.
The novels were examined onĪ panel-by-panel basis for images of smokers. Methods: This research examined a random selection of ten graphic novels chosenįrom the main library in a provincial Irish City. The broad appeal of graphic novels has been well noted, particularly to May require further examination is that of the portrayal of smoking in graphic One form of increasingly pervasive media that Is one of identity formation and assertion of adulthood, it is useful to look at Smokers start smoking before the age of 21 years. On examining pro-smoking influences on teenagers and young adults, as most In terms of both mortality and morbidity. Introduction: Smoking continues to extract an unacceptably high toll in Ireland
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